Test whole remote backups through a fake ssh command

Real rsync runs over fake ssh and sshpass scripts that execute the remote side locally, covering --link-dest, removal, key file, password and --remote-sudo without a server.

tests/conftest.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 """Shared fixtures for the simple_backup tests"""
 
 import sys
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -18,6 +19,27 @@ def no_side_effects(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr(sb, '_notify', lambda text: None)
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def fake_now(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Give each backup a new timestamp, as real runs within the same second would collide"""
+
+    def times() -> Iterator[datetime]:
+        t = datetime(2026, 10, 14, 10, 0, 0)
+
+        while True:
+            yield t
+            t += timedelta(hours=1)
+
+    it = times()
+
+    class FakeDatetime:
+        @staticmethod
+        def now() -> datetime:
+            return next(it)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sb, 'datetime', FakeDatetime)
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def run_cli(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Callable[..., int]:
     """Run simple_backup() with the given command line arguments"""

tests/test_local.py

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 import errno
 import io
 import os
-from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from collections.abc import Callable
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from pathlib import Path
 from shutil import which
 from typing import Any
@@ -16,25 +15,7 @@ from simple_backup import simple_backup as sb
 OPTIONS = '-r -v --ignore-missing-args --mkpath -a -h -H -X -s'
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.usefixtures('fake_now')
-def fake_now(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    """Give each backup a new timestamp, as real runs within the same second would collide"""
-
-    def times() -> Iterator[datetime]:
-        t = datetime(2026, 10, 14, 10, 0, 0)
-
-        while True:
-            yield t
-            t += timedelta(hours=1)
-
-    it = times()
-
-    class FakeDatetime:
-        @staticmethod
-        def now() -> datetime:
-            return next(it)
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(sb, 'datetime', FakeDatetime)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

tests/test_remote.py

@@ -603,3 +603,108 @@ class TestLoadKey:
 
         assert remote_backup(ssh_keyfile=str(keyfile))._load_ssh_key() is None
         assert 'Unable to load SSH key' in caplog.text
+
+
+FAKE_SSH = """#!/bin/sh
+# Record the arguments, then run the remote command locally in the fake remote home
+for a in "$@"; do printf '%s\\n' "$a"; done >> "{log}"
+echo --- >> "{log}"
+
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+    case $1 in
+        -i|-l|-o|-p) shift 2 ;;
+        -*) shift ;;
+        *) break ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+# The host
+shift
+cd "{home}" && HOME="{home}" exec sh -c "$*"
+"""
+
+FAKE_SSHPASS = """#!/bin/sh
+printf '%s' "${{SSHPASS-unset}}" > "{log}"
+# -e
+shift
+exec "$@"
+"""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('connect', 'fake_now')
+class TestRsyncOverSsh:
+    """Whole remote backups: real rsync, with fake ssh and sshpass commands that run the remote side locally"""
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def fake_ssh(self, ssh: FakeSSH, tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        self.ssh_log = tmp_path / 'ssh.log'
+        self.sshpass_log = tmp_path / 'sshpass.log'
+
+        for name, script, log in [('ssh', FAKE_SSH, self.ssh_log), ('sshpass', FAKE_SSHPASS, self.sshpass_log)]:
+            path = ssh.bin_dir / name
+            path.write_text(script.format(log=log, home=ssh.home))
+            path.chmod(0o755)
+
+        monkeypatch.setenv('PATH', f'{ssh.bin_dir}:{os.environ["PATH"]}')
+        monkeypatch.delenv('SSHPASS', raising=False)
+
+        self.src = tmp_path / 'src dir'
+        self.src.mkdir()
+        (self.src / 'same.txt').write_text('unchanged')
+        (self.src / 'changed.txt').write_text('first')
+
+    def run(self, keep: int = -1, password: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any) -> int:
+        backup = connected_backup(keep=keep, **kwargs)
+        backup.inputs = [str(self.src)]
+        backup._password = password
+
+        return backup.run()
+
+    def ssh_calls(self) -> list[list[str]]:
+        return [c.strip('\n').split('\n') for c in self.ssh_log.read_text().split('---\n') if c != '']
+
+    def copied(self, remote_home: Path, backup: str, name: str) -> Path:
+        return remote_home / 'backups' / 'simple_backup' / backup / str(self.src).lstrip('/') / name
+
+    def test_backups(self, remote_home: Path) -> None:
+        assert self.run() == 0
+        (self.src / 'changed.txt').write_text('second')
+        assert self.run(keep=1) == 0
+        assert self.run(keep=1) == 0
+
+        old, new = '2026-10-14_11-00-00', '2026-10-14_12-00-00'
+        assert remote_dirs(remote_home / 'backups' / 'simple_backup') == [old, new]
+        assert self.copied(remote_home, new, 'changed.txt').read_text() == 'second'
+        # Unchanged files are hard-linked to the previous backup (--link-dest on the server)
+        assert self.copied(remote_home, old, 'same.txt').stat().st_ino == \
+            self.copied(remote_home, new, 'same.txt').stat().st_ino
+
+        for call in self.ssh_calls():
+            assert call[:5] == ['-o', 'StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new', '-l', 'user', 'server']
+            # rsync passes the remote command as separate arguments
+            assert call[5:7] == ['rsync', '--server']
+
+    def test_keyfile(self, remote_home: Path) -> None:
+        assert self.run(ssh_keyfile='/keys/my key') == 0
+
+        (call,) = self.ssh_calls()
+        assert call[:4] == ['-i', '/keys/my key', '-o', 'StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new']
+
+    def test_password(self, remote_home: Path) -> None:
+        assert self.run(password='secret') == 0
+
+        assert self.sshpass_log.read_text() == 'secret'
+        assert 'SSHPASS' not in os.environ
+        assert len(remote_dirs(remote_home / 'backups' / 'simple_backup')) == 1
+
+    def test_remote_sudo(self, remote_home: Path) -> None:
+        assert self.run() == 0
+        assert self.run(keep=0, remote_sudo=True) == 0
+
+        assert remote_dirs(remote_home / 'backups' / 'simple_backup') == ['2026-10-14_11-00-00']
+        assert self.ssh_calls()[-1][5:7] == ['sudo rsync', '--server']
+
+    def test_progress(self, remote_home: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        assert self.run(progress=True) == 0
+
+        assert '100%' in capsys.readouterr().err